Click here to read an interesting piece by Robert Shiller, where he wrestles with the meaning of the term 'bubble', and he suggests that we maybe use the term too carelessly. Some economists, such as Eugene Fama, even deny their existence - click here.
My colleague and former PhD student Gareth Campbell has created a website about the British Railway Mania - click here . This episode has been described by the Economist as probably the greatest bubble in human history. Gareth's website provides background on the Mania and posits some explanations for the 'bubble'. In his explanation of why the bubble happened, Gareth places a lot of emphasis on investor myopia regarding future dividends and uncalled capital. His study of investors during the episode does not support the view that this episode was fuelled by naive and irrational investors.