George Soros, in a speech at Davos, stated that we know very little about how financial markets work(click here). 61 years after Harry Markowitz's famous paper, and 50 years since Samuelson and Fama developed the efficient markets hypothesis, and 40 years after the Black-Scholes-Merton model, we are still no further forward in understanding financial markets according to Soros! What are we to do? Some scholars think that behavioural finance is the way to go. The application of psychology to financial markets is certainly interesting and potentially fruitful. However, my own hunch is that we need to understand better the role of government in manipulating and influencing financial markets.
My colleague and former PhD student Gareth Campbell has created a website about the British Railway Mania - click here . This episode has been described by the Economist as probably the greatest bubble in human history. Gareth's website provides background on the Mania and posits some explanations for the 'bubble'. In his explanation of why the bubble happened, Gareth places a lot of emphasis on investor myopia regarding future dividends and uncalled capital. His study of investors during the episode does not support the view that this episode was fuelled by naive and irrational investors.