Do banks cause economic growth or are they a result of economic growth? The multitude of banking experiments in U.S. banking history make it a suitable laboratory to test conjectures about the relationship between growth and banking development. Matthew Jaremski and Peter Rousseau in "Banks, Free Banks, and U.S. Economic Growth" look at this relationship in the era prior to the Civil War, and they find that the free banking system had little effect on economic growth. Click here to read Chris Colvin's NEP-HIS review of this paper.
My colleague and former PhD student Gareth Campbell has created a website about the British Railway Mania - click here . This episode has been described by the Economist as probably the greatest bubble in human history. Gareth's website provides background on the Mania and posits some explanations for the 'bubble'. In his explanation of why the bubble happened, Gareth places a lot of emphasis on investor myopia regarding future dividends and uncalled capital. His study of investors during the episode does not support the view that this episode was fuelled by naive and irrational investors.